PhD Dissertation  ·  Systems Science  ·  2026
Unified Structural Theory of Complex Systems
Formal Laws, Epistemic Constraints, and Persistence as Organizing Principles Across Physical, Cognitive, and Social Domains
Boris Kriger  ·  75 publications (1999–2026)  ·  Zenodo repository
◆ Part I
Meta-Theoretical Foundations
Any investigation of a complex system operates within a formal framework that is necessarily incomplete, definition-dependent, and uncertainty-laden. Five foundational results establish the epistemic architecture:
1 Law of Scale-Specific Principles — No final theory can encompass all scales. Unification is possible only for genuinely scale-invariant structural constraints.
2 Formalization Laws — No single formalization captures all operationally relevant properties. Multiple representations are structural necessity.
3 Definition-Dependent Provability — Provability is a function of definitions adopted. Changing definitions changes the space of provable statements.
4 Law of Imperative Uncertainty — Any world containing autonomous agents necessarily contains irreducible uncertainty.
5 Law of Limit to Negation — Negation cannot negate itself without paradox. Destructive criticism taken to completion undermines its own foundation.
◆ Part II
The Dynamical Core: Persistence and Viability
The Transformational Basis of Persistence proves that any system persisting in a changing environment must satisfy three conditions — the Persistence Triad:
Persistence = Closure ∩ Boundary Maintenance ∩ Resilience
The viability set V must be invariant, bounded, and recoverable
Four Laws of Self-Organization
Universal Laws (Proven Independent and Complete)
Cooperation: Synergy is required — subsystems must produce joint states unavailable to each alone.
Viability: Non-empty viability set must be maintained at all times.
Interference: In multi-component systems, conflict is structurally inevitable.
Observability: Self-maintenance requires at least partial mutual observability.
Additional Laws
Constraint–Autonomy & Viability Mismatch
Constraints and autonomy are co-constitutive — maximizing either at the expense of the other causes collapse. Stress in any system is formalized as viability mismatch: demands exceeding the current viability set. Response is determined by resilience structure.
Architecture of the Unified Theory
META-THEORY Formalization Laws · Epistemic Constraints · Undecidability DYNAMICAL CORE Persistence · Viability · Self-Organization · Closure COGNITION Predictive Processing Distortion · Memory Consciousness SOCIAL Deception · Conflict Extractive Oscillators Institutions · Ethics APPLICATIONS Astrophysics · AI · Civilization · Healthcare Entropy · Fermi Paradox · Epidemiology SYNTHESIS Differentiation · Optimal Coherence Persistence as Primary Principle
◆ Part III
Cognition as Structural Necessity
Structural Distortion Principle: Bounded systems must distort representations — cognitive biases are optimal solutions, not failures.

Predictive Processing is derived (not hypothesized) from energy, memory, and latency constraints as the only viable architecture.

Representational Isolation: Direct perception is proven formally impossible for complex systems.

Atemporal Memory: Time is reconstructed at retrieval, not encoded at storage — following from cyclical closure requirements.

Mental Disintegration: DSM-5-TR categories mapped onto dynamical pathologies: attractor loss (psychosis), bifurcation cascades (mood cycling), attractor trapping (compulsion).
◆ Part V
Cross-Domain Applications
Astrophysics: Binary star systems as persistence-selected outcomes; dormant neutron star population constraints; "Can a star be proven single?" as epistemic constraint case study.

Information & Entropy: Biospheric contribution to cosmic complexity; local entropy inversion in AI systems; Ledger Time Model connecting atemporality to physics.

AI & Civilization: The Inward Turn (Fermi Paradox); AI-extended communication norm shifts; Stimulus Problem in post-scarcity environments; inevitability of substrate-independent civilizations.
◆ Part VI
Cross-Domain Structural Correspondences
PrincipleBioCognitiveSocial
ClosureHomeostasisAttractorsNorms
BoundaryMembraneRep. isolationGatekeeping
ResilienceImmune sys.Error corr.Crisis mgmt
Cycl. ClosureMetabolismPred. loopRecycling
Viab. MismatchDiseaseDisintegr.Collapse
Extr. Oscill.ParasitismAddictionExploitation
Pre-Int. Reject.Antigen scr.Belief filterVetting
DistortionSens. adapt.Cog. biasPropaganda
Epistemological Patterns
Four Cognitive Strategies of Structural Inquiry
1. Substrate Abstraction — Prove (not assert) that cross-domain commonalities are mathematical, not metaphorical.

2. Constraint Derivation — Derive system features from constraints any system of the class must satisfy.

3. Recursive Self-Application — The theory applies to itself: its own partiality, distortions, and boundaries are predicted by its own laws.

4. Boundary Recognition — Every result is accompanied by explicit scope limitations, as the formalization laws require.
Deepest Result
Differentiation → Coherence → Actualization
Differentiation is the ontological condition of actualization: no distinctions → no structure → no existence. Optimal Coherence is the complementary principle: maximal actualization when all differentiations support each other. This is the ur-concept from which all others derive.
Central Thesis
Persistence, not truth, is the primary organizing principle of complex systems.
Truth-seeking, consciousness, social organization, and scientific inquiry are derivative phenomena
strategies that systems have evolved to maintain structural viability.